Simple and economic measurement of groundwater pressures in soil and rock can be carried out using Casagrande type piezometers.

Geosense® piezometers are made up of low air entry porous plastic or ceramic elements which are connected to standpipe tubing and lowered into a predrilled borehole. Alternative types may be driven or pushed into soft soil.

Where Casagrande type piezometers are being installed then the porous element is surrounded by filter sand and a Bentonite seal placed above this response zone.

Water level measurements are normally taken using a water level meter (dip meter) or in the case of artesian pressure a Bourdon pressure gauge is attached to the top.